Great Zimbabwe period (Southern Africa)
The Great Zimbabwe period lasted from about 1100 CE to 1450 CE in southern Africa. It was centered in what is now Zimbabwe. The site is known for its large stone buildings. These structures were built without mortar, using carefully placed stones. The city was a center of trade, especially in gold and ivory, connecting […]
Ming dynasty (China)
The Ming dynasty ruled China from 1368 CE to 1644 CE. It began after the fall of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. This period is known for strong government and cultural growth. The capital moved to Beijing, where the Forbidden City was built in the 1400s as an imperial palace. Large building projects included repairs and […]
Qing dynasty (China)
The Qing dynasty ruled China from 1644 CE to 1912 CE. It was founded by the Manchu people and became the last imperial dynasty of China. During this time, China reached its largest territorial size. The empire included regions such as Tibet, Xinjiang, and Mongolia. Large cities grew, and trade expanded both within China and […]
Mughal Empire (India)
The Mughal Empire ruled much of India from 1526 CE to 1857 CE. It was founded by Babur and became one of the largest empires in South Asia. The empire combined different cultural traditions. Famous buildings such as the Taj Mahal, built in the 1600s, show Mughal architecture with detailed stonework and design. Capitals such […]
Tokugawa period (Japan / Edo period)
The Tokugawa period in Japan lasted from 1603 CE to 1868 CE. It was ruled by the Tokugawa shogunate, with the capital in Edo, now called Tokyo. This period is known for long-lasting peace and stability. Society was organized into classes, including samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants. Cities grew, and culture developed through theater, art, […]
Ottoman Empire period
The Ottoman Empire period lasted from about 1299 CE to 1922 CE. It began in Anatolia, in modern Turkey, and expanded into a large empire. The capital became Constantinople, now called Istanbul, in 1453. The empire controlled parts of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. It was located along major trade routes, connecting different […]
Safavid Empire (Persia)
The Safavid Empire ruled Persia, now called Iran, from 1501 CE to 1736 CE. It was founded by Shah Ismail I and became an important power in the region. The empire established Shi’a Islam as the official religion. Capital cities such as Tabriz and later Isfahan became centers of art and architecture. Buildings, textiles, and […]
Atlantic world era
The Atlantic world era lasted from the 1400s to the 1800s. It refers to connections between Europe, Africa, and the Americas across the Atlantic Ocean. This period involved trade, migration, and colonization. Goods such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton were transported between continents. Ships also carried people, including enslaved Africans during the transatlantic slave trade. […]
imperialism era
The imperialism era took place mainly in the 1800s and early 1900s. During this time, powerful countries expanded their control over other regions. European nations such as Britain and France built large empires across Africa and Asia. Maps from this period show large areas controlled by foreign powers. Colonies provided raw materials like rubber, cotton, […]
colonial period
The colonial period refers to the time when countries established colonies in other parts of the world. It lasted from the 1400s to the 1900s and involved long-distance travel and settlement. European powers created colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Colonies were governed by officials from the controlling country. Settlements, farms, and trading posts […]
