The Song dynasty ruled China from 960 CE to 1279 CE. It is divided into the Northern Song and Southern Song periods. This time is known for technological and economic development.

Important inventions included paper money, printing, and improvements to the compass. Cities such as Kaifeng and Hangzhou grew large and busy with trade. Markets and urban life expanded during this period.

Scientific and engineering knowledge advanced, including work in mathematics and mechanics. The dynasty ended when Mongol forces took control of China.