Medieval period is a time in history from about 500 CE to 1500 CE. It is often called the Middle Ages. This period began after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

In Europe, many societies were organized into kingdoms with systems such as feudalism, where land was controlled by nobles and worked by peasants. Castles, knights, and fortified towns were common features. During this time, Christianity spread across Europe, while Islam expanded across parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

The medieval period is studied through buildings, documents, and artifacts. It ended around the late 1400s when global exploration increased.