Indus Valley Civilization developed in South Asia, in areas that are now Pakistan and India. It existed from about 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.

These cities were carefully planned with straight streets, brick houses, and advanced drainage systems that carried waste away. People built wells and used standard weights for trade. A system of writing was used, but it has not been fully understood.

The civilization grew along the Indus River and nearby areas. It is studied through ruins, tools, and artifacts found at archaeological sites.