Classical antiquity (Mediterranean) refers to the time from about 800 BCE to 500 CE. It includes the civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. This period is known for important ideas and systems.

Greek thinkers such as Socrates and Aristotle explored philosophy, while Rome developed systems of law and government. Cities like Athens and Rome became centers of culture and learning. Trade and travel connected regions around the Mediterranean Sea.

Buildings, writings, and artworks from this time are still studied today. This period influenced later cultures, especially in Europe and nearby regions.