rainforest
Rainforest is a dense forest that receives a large amount of rainfall. It has thick vegetation with tall trees, plants, and vines. Rainforests are known for their rich variety of plant and animal life. The environment is often warm and humid. Rainforests are found near the equator in regions such as South America, Africa, and […]
tundra
Tundra is a cold, treeless biome with frozen ground called permafrost. The land is often covered with low plants such as mosses and grasses. Trees do not grow easily in these conditions. The climate is cold for most of the year. Tundra regions are found in Arctic areas and high mountain regions around the world. […]
savanna
Savanna is a grassland biome with scattered trees and seasonal rainfall. It has open spaces with grasses and small groups of trees. The climate is usually warm, with wet and dry seasons. The land can change between green and dry depending on rainfall. Savannas are found in regions such as Africa, South America, and Australia. […]
grassland
Grassland is a biome mainly covered with grasses and very few trees. The land is often open and flat or gently rolling. Grasslands receive moderate rainfall, which supports plant growth. Trees are limited because of climate and soil conditions. Grasslands are found on continents such as North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. They exist […]
steppe
Steppe is a dry grassland with low rainfall and few trees. It is covered mostly with grasses and small shrubs. The land is often flat and stretches over large areas. The climate can include hot summers and cold winters. Steppes are found in regions such as Central Asia and Eastern Europe. They exist in semi-arid […]
migration
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. It can happen within a country or across national borders. Migration may be temporary or permanent. People move for many reasons, such as work, safety, education, or joining family members. Early humans migrated out of Africa more than 60,000 years ago, and movement has […]
ecosystem
Ecosystem is a system where living and non-living things interact in one place. It includes plants, animals, microorganisms, water, air, and soil. Ecosystems can be found in many environments. A forest, a coral reef, a desert, or even a small pond can be an ecosystem. Some are tiny, like a puddle with insects and algae, […]
habitat
Habitat is the natural home of a plant or animal. It provides what a living thing needs to survive. This includes food, water, shelter, and space. A polar bear lives in Arctic sea ice, while a frog may live in a pond or wetland. Forests, deserts, oceans, and grasslands are all habitats. Each species is […]
biodiversity
Biodiversity describes the variety of living things in an area. It includes plants, animals, and microorganisms. Some places have more biodiversity than others. Tropical rainforests and coral reefs are known for having many different species. In contrast, deserts or polar regions usually have fewer species. Scientists estimate that millions of species live on Earth, many […]
food chain
Food chain shows how energy moves from one living thing to another. It follows a simple path of who eats whom. Food chains are found in all ecosystems. Plants, called producers, begin the chain. Animals that eat plants are consumers, and other animals may eat them. A common example is grass → rabbit → fox. […]
