The long 19th century is a time period used by historians to group major events. It runs from about 1789, the start of the French Revolution, to 1914, the beginning of World War I. This period includes important political and economic changes.

Industrialization expanded during this time, with factories, railways, and new technologies spreading across countries. Nationalism grew, leading to the formation of new nations in Europe and beyond. Trade and communication between regions increased.

Empires expanded during this period, especially in Africa and Asia. Major events, including revolutions and reforms, shaped governments and societies. The period ends with the outbreak of World War I.