The Byzantine period lasted from about 330 CE to 1453 CE. It refers to the time of the Byzantine Empire, which continued the eastern part of the Roman Empire. The capital city was Constantinople, now called Istanbul.

The empire was known for its Christian culture and large buildings such as the Hagia Sophia. Greek became the main language instead of Latin. Trade connected the empire to Europe and Asia.

Strong walls protected Constantinople for many centuries. The period ended when the city was conquered in 1453.