Decolonization is the process by which colonies become independent from colonial powers. It involves changes in government and control of land. People in colonized regions work toward independence. Leaders and communities take part in this process.

Decolonization occurred in regions such as Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. Many countries gained independence from European powers. New nations were formed with their own governments.

This process took place mainly during the mid-20th century, especially after World War II. It led to the creation of many independent countries. Decolonization is part of global historical change.