Songhai Empire was the largest empire in West African history, lasting from about 1400 CE to 1591 CE. Its capital city was Gao, located along the Niger River. The empire controlled important trade routes.

Goods such as gold, salt, and other materials moved along the river and across desert routes. The empire had a structured government and a strong army that protected its territory. Cities became centers for trade and learning.

The Songhai Empire declined after an invasion in 1591. It is studied through historical records and archaeological evidence.