Olmec civilization lived in southern Mexico from about 1200 BCE to 400 BCE. It is often considered one of the earliest civilizations in Mesoamerica. Major centers included San Lorenzo and La Venta.

The Olmec are known for large stone head sculptures carved from rock. They developed early systems of writing and calendars. Their cities included plazas, platforms, and ceremonial spaces.

The Olmec influenced later cultures such as the Maya. Archaeological sites provide most of the information about their society.