Phoenicia was a group of city-states along the Mediterranean coast in the region of modern-day Lebanon. It existed from about 1500 BCE to 300 BCE. Cities such as Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos were important centers.

Phoenicians were skilled sailors and traders who traveled across the Mediterranean Sea. They traded goods such as purple dye, glass, and cedar wood. They also developed an early alphabet that later influenced Greek and modern writing systems.

Phoenicia is studied in history through records and archaeological sites. Evidence includes artifacts, trade goods, and inscriptions found in coastal regions.