Ancient Egypt was a civilization that developed along the Nile River in northeast Africa. It existed from about 3100 BCE to 30 BCE. The Nile provided water and fertile land for farming.

Egypt is known for structures such as the pyramids, including the Great Pyramid of Giza built around 2600 BCE. Pharaohs such as Tutankhamun and Ramses II ruled the land. Egyptians developed a writing system called hieroglyphics.

Ancient Egypt is studied in history and archaeology. Evidence includes pyramids, tombs, artifacts, and written records found along the Nile.