Civilization is a large, organized society with cities, systems, and shared culture. It includes structures such as government, laws, and trade networks. Civilizations are often connected to permanent settlements.

Early civilizations developed in places like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley around 3000 BCE. These societies built cities, created writing systems, and developed architecture such as temples and walls. Social groups, religious practices, and trade routes were part of daily life.

Civilizations are studied in history and archaeology. Evidence comes from ruins, written records, tools, and artifacts found at ancient sites.